To access the Cathedral it is necessary to cross an eighteenth-century marble staircase, with a double flight, which replaced the original circular staircase in 1700. The current entrance has modified the medieval one with the sculptural couple of the lion (strength) and the lioness nursing her baby, symbols of the Church's Power and Charity. Crossing the door you enter a four-sided portico, the only example in Italy in Romanesque style. The atrium is surrounded by a colonnade supported by 28 raging columns from the nearby Roman Forum in Piazza Abate Conforti and from nearby Paestum. The arches are decorated with inlays of volcanic stone, and support a splendid loggia above with mullioned windows and mullioned windows.
The fountain in the center of the atrium is an old baptismal font that replaced the original monumental fountain stolen and brought to Naples. It is enriched on all sides by a series of Roman sarcophagi, reused in medieval times. On the southern side stands a high bell tower from the mid-12th century. The main entrance to the church consists of a Byzantine bronze door, inserted in a medieval marble portal. The start of the work on the Cathedral began in 1080, when he was Archbishop Alfano I,
poet and doctor of the famous Salernitana medical school. The building was commissioned by Roberto il Guiscardo, who conquered the city freeing it from the Lombards.
The church was inaugurated in 1084 by Pope Gregory VII and the work ended in 1085. In the portico there are some sarcophagi obtained from reused Roman burials. The chest, of the lenòs sarcophagi, carved with scenes in high relief, produced from the end of the second century. A.D. and widely spread in the third century. A.D. The lenòs shape, a direct reference to the grape container and the metamorphosis related to it in the production of wine, consolidates the evocative character of the Dionysian theme as an allegory of transformation or rebirth after death. Worthy of note are the Capograsso tomb, known as the “sarcophagus of the abduction of Ariadne”, and that of Duke Guglielmo or the “Caccia al Cinghiale”. On the upper side of the portico is the bell tower, built in Arab-Norman style, 52 meters high with a base of about ten meters on each side. Commissioned by Archbishop Guglielmo da Ravenna between 1137 and 1152. The tower is interesting for the decoration with twelve round arches intertwined with polychrome materials. The bronze door of the church was cast in Constantinople in 1099 and donated to the city by the two spouses Landolfo and Guisana Butrumile. It is made up of 54 panels mostly depicting Byzantine crosses. In the center there is a theory of saints (among which St. Matthew stands out), the symbolic representation of two griffins drinking from a baptismal font. Although the door currently has a greenish tint typical of ancient bronze, it was once covered in gold and silver.
The side chapels are mainly affected by the Baroque culture with well-made eighteenth-century paintings such as the San Gennaro by Francesco Solimena and the Pentecoste by Francesco De Mura. The 14th century Gothic statue of the Virgin and Child, the funeral monument of Queen Margherita di Durazzo del Baboccio. In the central nave there are amboos from the last decades of the 12th century, decorated with sculptures and mosaics. In the transept the mosaic floor of the early 12th century, the mosaics of the side apses and the sepulcher of Pope Gregory VII. Almost the entire repertoire of opus sectile and opus tessellatum derives from that of classicism and the Roman era, up to the Byzantine developments. The floor of the choir and transept, a gift of Archbishop Romualdo I (1121-1137), made up of multicolored marble and tesserae, play in the variation of the Byzantine motif of the circumference around which geometric motifs intertwine. The stone floor, a variant of the opus sectile, is characterized by the use of round or rectangular slabs of polychrome marble framed by bands of mosaic. Opus sectile "Alexandrinum opus" takes its name from Alexander Severus, during whose empire (222-235 AD) it was widespread. It was used in Byzantine architecture and resumed in medieval times in southern Italy and in Rome, by the Cosmati. In the final part of the nave (right) there is a wooden choir delimited by two ambos supported by Byzantine columns decorated with inlay of polychrome stones. From 1180 Guarna ambo and 1195 D'Ajello ambo. On the left is the Guarna ambo, finely decorated with mosaics and sculptures, donated by Romualdo Guarna, Archbishop from 1163 to 1180. The pulpit is supported by four columns, three of which are surmounted by figured capitals, while the fourth presents the capital in Floreal patterns. The Ambo d'Aiello (right), the larger one, on the other hand, is supported by twelve columns with Corinthian and Romanesque capitals, representing the twelve apostles. The lectern is supported by a sculpture inspired by the myth of Mithras with the eagle, which regains its youth by diving into the water as a baptized person prepares for a new life. In front of the pulpit stands a beautiful candlestick for the paschal candle, covered with marble and mosaics, a symbol of the mystery of salvation
On the lower level, at the central altar, there is the Crypt. In 1081 the SS. relics of the apostle Matthew, patron saint of the city, were interred in the crypt in the presence of Alfano I, the Emperor Michael and the Duke Roberto il Guiscardo. The crypt extends under the transept and the choir. The crypt consists of a hall-like environment with nine rows of three bays, with a cross vault resting on columns, which wind in different directions with an admirable architectural effect. The works of the crypt were commissioned to Domenico Fontana, in charge of the architectural and decorative project. Fontana conceived the vault of the crypt in octagonal squares alternating with circular ones, delimited by stuccoes. The fresco paintings on the vault of the crypt are works of particular beauty. The vault of the Crypt entirely stuccoed and frescoed with scenes from the childhood and public life of Jesus (1611) was made by Belisario Corenzio, a late-mannerist painter. Fontana conceived the double central altar (of the crypt) of S. Matteo, whose two-faced statue favored the simultaneous celebration of two masses and placed the thresholds of the Saints in the central apse. Martyrs of Salerno. Michelangelo Naccherino also collaborated with Fontana for the bronze statue of San Matteo in 1606. In the 18th century, between 1718 and 1721, the two entrances to the crypt from the naves were modified. In 1763 it was covered with polychrome marble by Francesco Ragozzino, fully integrating and respecting the decorative basis conceived by Fontana
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