Guardando dalla linea di costa verso il Castello di Arechi, già lo si può notare il Giardino della Minerva: arrampicato sull’impervia montagna, più su del centro storico medioevale e turistico che guarda la operosa Salerno, con il suo porto commerciale ed una distesa di mare sconfinato, contenuta a sinistra dal profilo della terra cilentana. Il Giardino della Minerva si trova nel cuore del centro antico, in una zona denominata nel Medioevo “Plaium Montis”, a metà strada del percorso che si sviluppa lungo l‘asse degli orti cinti e terrazzati che dalla Villa comunale salgono, intorno al torrente Fusandola, verso il Castello di Arechi. Il giardino della Minerva, sorge nel parte alta della città antica di Salerno. Di origine duecentesca la sua configurazione attuale è settecentesca, consiste di sei terrazzi collegati da una scala panoramica costruita sulle antiche mura. La scala con pilastri e decorazioni in stucco che sorreggono la pergola, collega i diversi livelli del giardino per finire in un terrazzo belvedere. La scala permette la visione del porto e del centro storico di Salerno e della costa Amalfitana. Un ingegnoso sistema idraulico connette le numerose vasche e fontane, create per l'irrigazione dei diversi terrazzi, queso sistema ha garantito il mantenimento a coltura degli appezzamenti nei secoli. La fontana della Conchiglia è situata all'interno del Giardino della Minerva.
Il giardino oggi si sviluppa su sei terrazzamenti che superano un salto di quota di oltre 16 metri, ideale morfologia per creare la via d’acqua delle nove fontane.
Il giardino della Minerva ha un complesso sistema di distribuzione dell'acqua, composto da canalizzazioni, vasche e fontane .
Il primo orto botanico del mondo occidentale, sorse ad opera di Matteo Silvatico tra il XIII ed il XIV secolo. Matteo Silvatico fu medico della Scuola Salernitana e nel suo giardino dei Semplici ( “Semplici” venivano chiamati, nella terminologia medievale, i principi curativi ottenuti direttamente dalla natura, mentre “Compositi” erano i farmaci ottenuti miscelando e trattando sostanze diverse ) vennero per la prima volta coltivate e classificate una grande quantità di piante ed erbe, per studiarne a scopo scientifico le proprietà terapeutiche e medicamentose La casa dei Silvatico si trovava nei pressi della chiesa di Santa Maria delle Grazie. Gli scritti di Silvatico furono le Pandette (Opus Pandectarum Medicinae), un lessico sui ' Semplici ' per lo più d’origine vegetale. Il manoscritto fu completato nel 1317 e dedicato al re di Napoli Roberto d’Angiò.
L’attuale sito si trova all’incirca due metri sopra il primigenio Giardino della Minerva medievale: tale modifica di livello deriva dall’azione degli agenti atmosferici e dalle alluvioni – alcune devastanti, come quella del 1954 – che nel corso dei secoli hanno interessato l’area. Prima di diventare un luogo di cultura e di conoscenza della Natura, il sito era di proprietà del prof. Giovanni Capasso, che lo donò poi alla Pia Casa di Ricovero ed è ora nel patrimonio del Comune di Salerno.
Per la posizione geografica, vedi la mappa
Looking from the coastline toward Arechi Castle, the Garden of Minerva can already be seen: perched on the rugged mountain, above the medieval, touristy historic center overlooking bustling Salerno, with its commercial port and a vast expanse of sea, framed to the left by the outline of the Cilento coastline. The Garden of Minerva is located in the heart of the old town, in an area known in the Middle Ages as "Plaium Montis," halfway along the path that runs along the axis of walled and terraced gardens that from the Villa Comunale rise, around the Fusandola stream, toward Arechi Castle. The Garden of Minerva is located in the upper part of the old city of Salerno. Originally from the 13th century, its current configuration is from the 18th century, consisting of six terraces connected by a panoramic staircase built on the ancient walls. The staircase with pillars and stucco decorations that support the pergola connects the different levels of the garden to end in a belvedere terrace. The staircase allows a view of the port and the historic center of Salerno and the Amalfi coast.
An ingenious hydraulic system connects the numerous pools and fountains, created for the irrigation of the various terraces, this system has ensured that the plots have been cultivated over the centuries.
The Conchiglia fountain is located inside the Minerva Garden.
The garden today is spread over six terraces that exceed a jump in altitude of over 16 meters, an ideal morphology to create the waterway of the nine fountains.
The Minerva garden has a complex water distribution system, consisting of channels, basins and fountains
The first botanical garden in the Western world was created by Matteo Silvatico between the 13th and 14th centuries. Matteo Silvatico was a physician of the Salerno School, and in his garden of simples (in medieval terminology, "simples" were the healing principles obtained directly from nature, while "composites" were the drugs obtained by mixing and treating different substances). A large number of plants and herbs were cultivated and classified for the first time, allowing their therapeutic and medicinal properties to be studied for scientific purposes. The Silvatico family's home was located near the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Silvatico's writings were the Pandects (Opus Pandectarum Medicinae), a lexicon of "simples," mostly of plant origin. The manuscript was completed in 1317 and dedicated to the King of Naples, Robert of Anjou.
The current site is located approximately two meters above the primeval medieval Garden of Minerva: this change in level derives from the action of atmospheric agents and floods - some devastating, such as that of 1954 - which over the centuries have affected the 'area. Before becoming a place of culture and knowledge of Nature, the site was owned by prof. Giovanni Capasso, who then donated it to the Pia Casa di Ricovero and is now part of the patrimony of the Municipality of Salerno.
For the geographic location - See Map
The garden ( botanical garden ) of the Minerva stairway.
The staircase, which connects the different levels of the garden, is built on the ancient walls of the city and allows a wide and privileged view of the sea. Perhaps the most valuable element of the gardens is the seventeenth-century staircase, built on the ancient walls, supported by square pillars with simple stucco decorations. The staircase, located on the outermost side of the garden, connects the various terraces, leading to a pergola belvedere from which you can admire the view of the port and the historic center of Salerno and the Amalfi coast. The staircase with pillars and stucco decorations that support the pergola connects the different levels of the garden to end in a belvedere terrace. The staircase with pillars and stucco decorations that support the pergola connects the different levels of the garden to end in a belvedere terrace. At the end of the restoration work, ascribable between the 17th and 18th centuries, the long staircase highlighted by cruciform pillars support a wooden pergola.
A complex system of water distribution, consisting of channels, basins and fountains (one for each terrace), denotes the presence of conspicuous sources that have allowed, over the centuries, the cultivation of the plots to be maintained. The site also has a particular microclimate, favored by the low incidence of north winds and by the favorable exposure, which, even today, allows the cultivation of plant species that are demanding in terms of humidity and heat. The Fountain of the Gorgone, independent source of the Minerva Gardens.
Terraces with plants arranged on four terraces in which the water, coming from the "Acquarola" spring, still nourishes the plants today with an intelligent system of channels, basins and fountains, of evident Arab heritage. Water, a very precious resource for the Mediterranean garden, which cannot always count on a constant contribution and which, therefore, requires the implementation of some strategies that appear ornamental, but which in reality constitute indispensable water reserves. The collection and distribution system, adopted by the Minerva Garden, has resulted in efficient and constant irrigation which, combined with the particular layout of the garden, all protected from the winds and well sprinkled by the sun, has always helped the cultivation of loving plants. of humidity and heat.
The garden is divided into terracing or levels (1st level at relative altitude 0.00 m of the garden but at 49.70 mt a.s.l.) with a water distribution system, with pools and fountains for each terrace, which has ensured the cultivation of the plots over the centuries. The medieval garden is located about two meters below the current altitude; today it is spread over six terraces that exceed a jump in altitude of over 16 meters, an ideal morphology to create the waterway of the nine fountains. The Giardino della Minerva is located in the heart of the ancient center, in an area called in the Middle Ages "Plaium Montis", halfway along the path that develops along the axis of the enclosed and terraced gardens that rise from the Municipal Villa, around the Fusandola stream. , towards the Castle of Arechi. This small masterpiece of enclosed greenery is an oasis of rarefied peace, the result of stubborn human will, committed to exploiting the sources of natural water, present here, to irrigate a garden of medicinal plants, in support of the famous Salerno Medical School. Plants to be used as medicaments of a nascent medical science, on an experimental basis, arranged on four terraces where the water, coming from the "Acquarola" spring, still nourishes the plants today with an intelligent system of channels, tanks and fountains, evident Arab heritage. Water, a very precious resource for the Mediterranean garden, which cannot always count on a constant contribution and which, therefore, requires the implementation of some strategies that appear ornamental, but which in reality constitute indispensable water reserves. The collection and distribution system, adopted by the Minerva Garden, has resulted in efficient and constant irrigation which, combined with the particular layout of the garden, all protected from the winds and well sprinkled by the sun, has always helped the cultivation of loving plants. of humidity and heat.
As early as 1300, when the Salerno physician and botanist Matteo Silvatico, had organized a "garden of the simple" in this area to supply the doctors of the Salerno school with active ingredients, always in search of plants with therapeutic effects. Today the Garden presents itself in all its unaltered charm. A recent restoration has expanded it into a botanical garden with also didactic functions, developed by an active cultural center, which is entrusted with its care. A vegetable garden with a Mediterranean character where different souls live together. It is a place for the collection of plants for medicinal purposes but also a place for the conservation of a botanical collection described by special tags that enunciate and classify the plants. At least four fountains and a fish pond brighten the acoustics of the place, spreading the sound of flowing water in the air. You can drink an organic drink prepared by the Garden's Tisaneria. Here everything is slowed down, cured, beautiful. You look at the sea under the ancient pergola and abandon yourself to the embrace of the greenery that welcomes and protects.
The Conchiglia fountain is located inside the Minerva Garden. The fountain was originally created in the 14th century, at the time of Matteo Silvatico (the founder of the first botanical garden in Europe: the famous "Giardini di Minerva". The fountain has a shell-shaped fish market and is divided into three sections , with two columns wrapping sideways on the central basin, it is located at the lowest point of the Minerva garden, on the terrace of Palazzo Capasso.
Inside the premises of Palazzo Capasso, there is the herbal tea room where you can choose from dozens of herbal teas, prepared with selected raw materials from organic farming. Laterally, on the right, the fountain has a door that with seven degrees descends to the first level of the garden which consists of a flat place with trees and pines. On this linello at the bottom there is a basin with zamoilli called the fishpond and on the right the staircase that led to the second level of the garden which communicates with the terraces above through a long staircase.
Currently, the Conchiglia fountain has become a symbolic image of the Minerva Gardens, also at an international level. The fountain, together with the Pesci fountain and the Tullio fountain, is considered one of the characteristic fountains of ancient Salerno, as well as other secondary ones that reside in noble palaces. The water, coming from the "Acquarola" spring, still nourishes the plants today with an intelligent system of channels, basins and fountains, of evident Arab heritage. Water, a very precious resource for the Mediterranean garden, which cannot always count on a constant contribution and which, therefore, requires the implementation of some strategies that appear ornamental, but which in reality constitute indispensable water reserves. The collection and distribution system, adopted by the Garden of Minerva, has resulted in efficient and constant irrigation which, combined with the particular layout of the garden.
A complex system of water distribution, consisting of channels, basins and fountains, denotes the presence of conspicuous sources that have allowed, over the centuries, the maintenance of the plots under cultivation. The water, coming from the "Acquarola" spring, still nourishes the plants today with an intelligent system of channels, basins and fountains, of evident Arab heritage. Water, a very precious resource for the Mediterranean garden, which cannot always count on a constant contribution and which, therefore, requires the implementation of some strategies that appear ornamental, but which in reality constitute indispensable water reserves. The collection and distribution system, adopted by the Garden of Minerva, has resulted in efficient and constant irrigation which, combined with the particular layout of the garden.
The site also has a particular microclimate, favored by the low incidence of north winds and thefavorable exposure, which, even today, allows the cultivation of plant species that are demanding in terms of humidity and heat.
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